Native Chicken of the Black Sea Region: Trabzon Gugullisi

Abstract

Chicken breeds account for 63% of all bird species worldwide, representing a significant proportion. The global chicken population is approximately 2.5 times larger than the human population, with the majority of chickens concentrated in Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Europe and the Caucasus account for 13% of the world’s chicken population, while Africa follows with 7%. Local breeds represent a significant portion of global poultry genetic diversity. Domestic chicken breeds have developed traits such as broad ecological adaptation, disease resistance, and economic efficiency during evolutionary processes and expansion. However, the widespread use of commercial chicken breeds has caused a substantial reduction in local poultry genetic resources, threatening the genetic diversity of local breeds. In this context, the most effective way to preserve biodiversity is by conserving native chicken breeds. In Turkiye, although only two native chicken breeds Denizli and Gerze are officially recognized, there are many locally adapted chicken breeds, like the Trabzon Gugullisi, which have developed over many years in our region. The Trabzon Gugullisi is known for its high egg production and meat yield, while also being considered a decorative breed due to its visual appeal. Characteristically, it has a bony protrusion on its head, a trait that is also observed in its chicks. Additionally, it is notable for its upright and majestic walk. The aim of this study is to describe the Trabzon Gugullisi chickens and to provide a scientific basis for conservation and breeding efforts of this native breed.