Evaluation of Individual Groundwater (GW) Irrigation in the Konya Closed Basin in Terms of Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Abstract

Konya Closed Basin is one of the 25 hydrological basins in Turkey. Individual groundwater irrigations in the basin have the highest ratio compared to other groundwater and surface water irrigations in terms of both irrigation area and agricultural water use. The number of individual irrigation wells in the basin is 74,621, with a total irrigation area of ​​414,209 hectares. In this study, individual groundwater irrigations in the Konya Closed Basin were evaluated in terms of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for the years 2010, 2015 and 2020. Total energy consumption in individual groundwater irrigations was calculated as 12.875.442.516,8 MJ/year in 2010, 16.005.581.706,3 MJ/year in 2015 and 25.424.556.672,6 MJ/year in 2020. The amount of energy per unit area (E_A) was calculated as 31.084,4 MJ/ha, 38.641,3 MJ/ha and 61.381,0 MJ/ha in total for the years 2010, 2015 and 2020, respectively. The amount of energy per unit irrigation water (E_S) was 6,146 MJ/m³ in 2010, 7,497 MJ/m³ in 2015 and 11,691 MJ/m³ in 2020. Total emissions from irrigation were calculated as 695.123.598,9 kgCO₂eq/year in 2010, 864.114.576,6 kgCO₂eq/year in 2015 and 1.372.629.275,6 kgCO₂eq/year in 2020. The emission amount per unit area (SG_A) was determined as 1.678,2 kgCO₂eq/ha, 2.086,2 kgCO₂eq/ha and 3.313,9 kgCO₂eq/ha for 2010, 2015 and 2020, respectively, while the emission amounts per unit irrigation water (SG_S) were determined as 0,332 kgCO₂eq/m³, 0,405 kgCO₂eq/m³ and 0,631 kgCO₂eq/m³ for the same years, respectively. As a result of the evaluation, it is seen that energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in individual groundwater irrigation have increased over the years, with an approximately two-fold increase in 2020 compared to 2010.