Role of Paraprobiotics in Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production: Microbial Interactions and Potential Mechanisms

Abstract

In recent years, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have attracted attention and are increasingly being investigated for their potential health benefits. SCFAs are bioactive compounds produced by the intestinal microbiota as a result of the metabolism of fermentable carbohydrates such as dietary fibers and resistant starch. These metabolites, mainly consisting of acetate, propionate and butyrate, contribute to important physiological processes such as maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, regulating anti-inflammatory responses and maintaining energy homeostasis. Recently, the effects of paraprobiotics, defined as non-living probiotics, on health have received increasing attention. This review aims to evaluate the existing studies examining the effects of paraprobiotics on SCFA production associated with the gut microbiota. Studies show that paraprobiotics can modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota, alter the activity of certain bacterial groups and, as a result, affect the production of acetate, propionate and butyrate. However, the specific effects of paraprobiotics on SCFA production; It depends on many factors such as microorganism type, inactivation method and substrate diversity. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of paraprobiotics and investigation of their interactions with prebiotics and postbiotics will make a significant contribution to future studies in this field.