Selection of Stable and High-Yielding Short-Duration Inbred Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for the Boro Season in Bangladesh Using WAASB and MTSI Indices

Özet

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of Bangladesh, with its production tripling since independence. However, declining cultivable land and climate change, particularly erratic rainfall, have led to prolonged water scarcity during the Boro season. To ensure future rice security, genetic improvements for short-duration, high-yielding varieties are essential. In response, the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) developed genotypes with a life cycle of ≤145 days, requiring less water while maintaining productivity. This study evaluated four advanced fixed lines (V1 = BR11318-5R-63, V2 = BR11337-5R-72, V3 = SVIN109, V4 = IR17A1723) alongside two reference varieties (V5 = BRRI dhan81, V6 = BRRI dhan96) across 11 locations in Bangladesh during the 2022–23 Boro season. Combined ANOVA revealed significant genotype, environment, and genotype-environment interaction (GEI) effects (p ≤ 0.001) on yield and related traits. Broad-sense heritability (h²b) ranged from 0.05 to 0.50, with most traits showing high selection accuracy (>0.80). Stability analysis using weighted average of absolute scores biplots (WAASB) identified V1 and V3 as the most stable, while GGE biplots highlighted V2’s superior grain yield (GY) in multiple locations. Multi-trait stability index (MTSI) ranked V2 as the most stable based on GY and seven yield-contributing traits. Factor analysis further confirmed its agronomic superiority, with GD and TGW showing the highest broad-sense heritability (0.92), followed by PHT (0.885) and GY (0.833), with selection gains ranging from 1.48% to 9.54%. Overall, BR11337-5R-72 (V2) emerged as the most promising short-duration, high-yielding, and stable genotype for Boro rice cultivation, requiring further evaluation and promotion for large-scale adoption.